hochhausen



(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Shet 1.

W. H'OGHHAUSEN. APPARATUS FOR REGULATING'AND DISTRIBUTING GURRENTS FROM DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES 4 v7W 1.. .r 5 I. 2 m M m NW P w .6 m W. X; y w M 5. m 5 9 n 2 e 0 m N N4 PETERS. Pholo-ljllwgmphan Wnshinglfln. n. c"

(No Model.) K 3 SheetsSl 1ee t 2.

W. HOOHHAUSEN.

APPARATUS FOR .REGULATING AND DISTRIBUTING GURRENTS FROM DYNA'MO BLEGTRIG MACHINES.

N0. 295,552. Patented-Mar. 25, 1884.

N. PETERS. Phnl -umn m hcr, Walhinglom DJ;

(No.Model.) 4 3 SheetsvSheet 3.

W. HOOHHAUSEN.

APPARATUS FOR. REG'ULATING AND DISTRIBUTING UURRENTS PROM DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. I

N0. 295 552. Patented Mar. 25, 1884.

i igk v I A I JVWWZOV. {ma I y t 'z /f/Wfi/Wm /W NiTn Srnrns PATENT -rrree.

WVILLIAM I-IOOHHAUSEN, OF NENV YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND DISTRIBUTING CURRENTSFROM DYNAlViO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 295,552, dated March 25, 1884.

(No model.)

To all whom it 112.51.7 concern:

Be it known that I, WM. I-IOCHHAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Regulating and Distributing Currents of Dynamo-Flee tric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the method of regulating and distributing the currents from dynamo-electric machines. Its object is, in the first place, to provide a means for automatically changing the electro-motive force of the current upon the exterior or working circuit to suit the changed resistance consequent upon the cutting out orin of an electric lamp, motor, or other translating device.

A further object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of circuits and regulating devices whereby several independent circuits may be worked from the same generator, and the supply of current to such circuits may be regulated in accordance with the changes in any circuit, without affecting or being affected from other circuits.

My invention consists in certain novel combinations, that will be specified in the claims following the description of the figures of drawings.

Figure 1 is a perspective View, showing a series of adjustable commutators, and illustrating the construction of apparatus which I have devised for supporting and adjusting a large number of pairs or sets of commutatorbrushes on the same commutator cylinder. Fig. 2 shows in side view one form of device that may be used for shifting the commutatorbrushes, and illustrates, diagrammatically, the

connection of said brushes with a multiple are working-circiiiit, and'with the controllingmagnet, by which the adjustment of the brushes to suit changes in the working-circuits is effected. Fig. 8 is a diagram of circuits and connections, showing the application of my invention to several working-circuits, each of which supplies current to electric lamps or other translating devices arranged in multiple-arc connections.

Referring to Fig. 1, A A indicate the fieldmagnets of a dynamo-electric machine of any preferred construction, and B B the field-offorce polepieces, between which the armature rotates. The form of machine, however, with which I prefer to use the arrangements hereinafter described is that in which a ring-arma ture, wound after the style devised by Pacinotti, and afterward by Gramme, is employed.

0 indicates the commutator cylinder, to which the armaturecoils are connected in any usual way, said cylinder being here shown as elongated somewhat beyond the extent employed in practice, for thep-urpose of showing more clearly the parts.

E indicates the usual adjustable support for the commutator-brushes of the machine, the brushes supported thereby being connected to the field -1nagnets so as to energize the same after the manner illustrated in Fig. 3 and to be hereinafter more fully described.

E E, &c., are supports for additional or auxiliary pairs or sets of commutatorbrushes, each pair or set being connected with a separate working-circuit of any kind. These supports consist of rings or annuli surrounding the commutator-cylinder, and supported by a series of grooved friction-rollers, F F F. The upper rollers, F, are supported on a spindle, F", mounted in brackets f one of which is attached to the field-of-force pole B, while the other is mounted on the journalbox d, for the armature-shaft. The rollers F are supported on a similar rod, F ,,1nounted in brackets ff, one carried by the-lower pole-piece, B, and the other by an arm, F, of a standard supported on the base of the machine or otherwise. The rollers F are supported in similar manner from another arm. E indicatesan additional support, mounted on the j ournal-box for the shaft, by means of a ring or collar, 0, from which extend arms g, united by a segmental rack, h, with which engages a pinion, i, on the shaft of an electric motor, I. This motor serves to adjust the brushes forward or back, to suit any changes in the resistance of 5 means of an electromotor, J, and a vertical .rack, K, said rack engaging with the segmental rack 7: and with a pinion i, on the mo tor-shaft. The remaining rings or brush-supports E are adjusted by similar means. Brushsupport E is provided also with a segmental rack, 71., formed on or attached to its edge, with which engages a pinion, 1 on the armature-shaft of an electric motor of any desired construction-such, for instance, as that indicated at Iwhich comprises an annular armature, constructed and wound in the usual way adopted with machines of the Gramme or Pacinotti type, and revolving between the stationary pole-pieces A A of an electro or permanent magnet. The pole-pieces for the mo tor, which serves to shift the support E, are indicated at 1 and are magnetized by attachmentto the pole-pieces ofthe dynamo-machine.

I have herein shown and shall describe the adjustment of the comnmtator-brush supports as effected by means of electric motors automatically controlled; but I do not limit myself to such a means of adjustment, but may employ any device which will respond to or act in accordance wit-h the changes of current on any circuit connected to a pair or set of brushes, so as to shift the brush support and the brushes, and vary the current taken off by such brushes, so as to keep the current on the working-circaiit constant.

I11 Fig. 3 the brushes II II", which are car ried by the support E are shown as connected with the field-magnets A A, so that the current taken by said brushes will energize the fieldmagnet. The brushes for the additional or auxiliary supports E supply, each pair, a separate working-circuit, 5 5, to which are connected, in the present instance, electric lamps S or other working resistances. In one of the multiple-arc connections for each circuit 5 5 is a governing electro-magnet, N, by means of which the operation of the electric motor which serves to shift a brush-support, E, is governed. The arrangement of circuits and devices which may be employed for this purpose is indicated in Fig. 2. The actuating motor I is shown with its stationary pole-pieces removed for the sake of simplicity. This motor is energized by a current taken from the main eonduetors5 5, through a multiple-are circuit, 7 7, the current 01" which is made to pass through the motor in one direction or the other by a device and arrangement of circuits, which is described and claimed in another application for patent filed by me, and is substantially as follows:

N indicates a circuit-closing armature-lever governed by electro-magnet N and connected by wire 7 with one of the main conductors, 5. N is a double contact-lever having two contact-points, n a", insulated 'i'rom one another, and which are adapted to bear singly or together on contactleverN", and are connected, respectively, through branch wires 9 9, with resistances R It, and thence with the other circuit-wire, From points a: .r in the two branches connections are taken to the conr mutator-brushes L L of the motor, one of said connections including an electro-magnet, I, controlling an automatic stop or brake for the motor, which stop or brake is mounted or supported by the armature-lever oi the electromagnet I, and is so arranged as to engage with the serrated brake-wheel z when the electro-magnet I loses its power. This arrangement of brake is not herein claimed, as it forms the subject of claims in another application for patent filed by me.

It being premised that the field changes in magnetism of the machine are connected so as to keep the magnetism eonstant,by the arrangement to be presently described, the operation of the devices, as thus far described,would be as follows: \Vhen the whole number of lamps S S or other translating devices are in use, and the total working resistance is therefore normal, the magnet N will hold the armature N up with suflicient force to preserve a contact with both points an and no current will tlow through the motor, the resistances R B being equal, and the bridge-wire,which includes the magnet I, and the motor being connected to the two branch-wiresi) 9 at points 01" equal potential. The motor, therefore,will remain at rest, and the brushes H II will retain the position suited to the supplying of a current adapted to the total number of lamps or other translating devices, and the total amount of resistance in the working-circuit. It, now, a number of lamps be removed, so as to increase the amount of current flowing in anylamp, and to, in consequence, require a change in the current supplied, the magnet N will increase in power and will draw the contact-lever I over, thus causing the contactpoints a n to rock on the same, and will cause a break of contact at n, contact at n being preserved. The current will then flow from a", through 9, to point m, where it will divide, one portion passing through resistance R and the other through magnet I, the electric motor, and resistance R. The portion diverted into the latter cir cuit will depend on the amount of resistance It, which is made suitable for the purpose. The motor will be thus caused to rotate, the brake being simultaneously withdrawn, and the brush-support E will begin to move forward, so as to cause a diminution in the electro-motive force of current supplied to the circuit 5 5, and a consequent diminution in the current flow. This lorward movement will continue until the current in each multiple-arc branch and the strength of magnet N are restored to normal, when armature-lever N will recede to its normal position, and both contacts a n will he closed, so that the motor will cease to revolve and the brushes will come to a stop. At the sameinstant that current ceases to tlow through the motor the magnet I will lose its power and the brake will therefore be instantly applied, so as to IID bring the motor immediately to rest. If, now, lamps or other translating devices be thrown into circuit, thus requiring more current to be suppliedto the circuit 5, the normal magnetism of N will decrease so that the retractor of N will move the double contact-lever and cause the same to rock on armature-lever N so as to break contact at if, while preserving it at n. The currentwill thus be caused to circulate in the electric motor in an opposite direction, and the brush esl-I H" will be shifted backward until the current taken off by them attains its normal and the'magnetism of N becomes sufficient to restore the parts to their normal condition, and thus cause the motor to come to rest. Each working-circuit and its independent pair of brushes is supplied with similar apparatus, so that the currents for them, although supplied from the same machine, may be adjusted independently of one another to suit any changes in any working resistance.

I do not limit myself to the devices herein described for shifting the brush-holder automatically in accordance with the changes of the working resistance, since the same result might be accomplished by other means. The brush-holder E for the brushes which sup ply current to energize the field-magnets is adjusted in a similar manner, by devices controlled by an electro-magnet in the field-magnet circuit, or by the movements of an armature placed within the influence of the fieldmagnet. Ihave herein shown the brush-holder F. as worked by an electromotor, the outline of whose armature is indicated at 1 which motor is geared to the brush-support E in substantially the manner indicated in Fig. 1. The motor is supported by the field-magnet or by other means in any suitable manner. It is placed by preference in the direct circuit, including the field-magnets, as indicated in Fig. 3, and the movement of said motor is controlled by an armature, B", supported by the field magnet frame within the attractive influence of the head of the magnet and arranged to act on a double contact-lever, N, in the same manner that armature-lever N of Fig. 2 operates. \Vhen the field-magnetism is of the normal or proper strength the armature B is drawn up with sufficient force to keep both of the branch circuits, including the resistances R, closed, so that the motor will remain at rest, and the brushes H H stationary. If, for any reason-as by a change of resistance in one of the exterior working-cir-' cuits-the field-magnetism should tend to increase, the apparatus at 0 will correct such tendency, because the" armature B would be drawn up with an increased attraction, and would therefore cause a rotation of the motor in such adirection as to shift the brush-holder forward to a position where the current taken off by the brushes would be less. Such forward adjustment would continue until the field-magnetism resumed its normal strength,

when the adjustment would cease, for reasons already explained, and the brushes would remain stationary until there were a further change, either by way of increase or decxease in the strength of the field-magnets, when a further adjustment would occur to restore the magnetism to its normal, and to hence keep the magnetism of the field constant, anl the strength of the current which the armature would normally supply to the exterior or working circuits the same. The field-magnetism, with the arrangement of the circuits shown in Fig. 3, is virtually supplied by a derived circuit from the working-circuits. Its constancy may be maintained by any other desired arrange ment of mechanism, or of magnets, for automatically controlling such mechanism, the gist of my invention, so far as this feature is concerned, consisting in keeping the field-magnetism constant, while the various workingcircuits are supplied from the same armature by auxiliary sets of brushes, and the currents uponsuch circuits are independently and automatically controlled.

The cominutatorbrushes supported by E are adjusted to supply current to any desired circuit in the same manner as those already described. The automatic brake might be applied to advantage with the motor which shifts the brushes connected to the field-magnet.

It is within my invention to shift any one or more of the brush-holders E by hand, instead of automatically; and my invention possesses special advantages in this respect that adapt dynamo-machines for use in lighting theaters or other places where it may be desired to supply independent circuits or lights from the same armature, and to allow the lights in any one or more circuits, to be increased or diminished at pleasure,while the lights of others remain constant, or are also increased or diminished. For instance, one of the circuits supplied from a set of brushes may convey the currents to the foot-lights for the stage of the theater, and the brush-support may be shifted by hand to turn the lights down or up when desired. Theother circuits may, meanwhile, supply the lighting-currents in the usual way to lights that are intended to be constant; or other circuits in the house may be controlled by hand as well as the circuits supplying the foot-lights; or the relays which control the motors may be arranged at any convenient place in a theater-for instance, at the prompters desk-and the retractile spring of the relay may be adjusted by any desired means, so as to vary the amount of light, as desired. As shown in Fig. 2, the retractile spring is adjusted by means of a pointer, P moving 011 the face of a dial, which may be lamps can be made to give any degree of illumination, from Zero up to the maximum the lamps will stand, by simply moving the pointer according to'the indications of the dial.

I do not limit myself to the manner of supgraduated for candle-power, so that the set of porting the auxiliary sets of brushes, as other means may be used without dcpartin g from the invention.

My invention maybe applied to other working-circuits besides so called multiple-arc circuits, and the controlling electromagnet X may be arranged in other positions-or connections without departing from the invention.

Vhat I claim as myinvention is 1. The combinatiomwith a dynamo-electric machine whose field-magnetism is sustained by a derived-circuit current from the armature, and is automatically corrected, by any suitable means, to suit any change in the external or working circuit, so as to remain constant, of an automatic regulator for adjusting the current in such working-circuit to any changed resistance therein.

2. The combination, in a dynamo-electric machine having a commutator provided with two sets of brushes, of afield-magnet supplied with current from one set of brushes, means for automatically adjusting said brushes so as to correct any changes in the magnetic force induced by the current from said brushes, and

keep the magnetism constant,an exterior working circuit supplied from the other set of brushes, and means for automatically shifting said brushes to suit the changes in the working resistance.

3). The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, of two supply-conductors connected in multiple are from thearmature, one including the field-magnets and the other a working resistance or resistances, means for compensating for changes in the distribution of current consequent upon changes in the working resistance, so as to keep the field constant, and regulating devices for adjusting the current supplied to the exterior circuit to suit the changes of resistance on such circuit.

4. The combination, with a dynamoanachine whose field-magnet coils are in a derived circuit, of means for automatically regulating the current flowing around the field-magnet, so as to correct any changes of magnetism produced by changes in the external or working circuit or circuits, and thus keep the magnetism constant, and an external or working circuit provided with independent regulating devices for regulating the current to suit the changes in the external resistance.

5. The-combination, with a dynamoelcctric machine having its field magnetism maintained by a current derived from the armature, of means for automatically regulating the magnetizingcurrent, so as to correct the fieldanagnetism and keep it constant, despite any tendencies to variation due to variation in distribution of current in the derived circuit supplying the field and the main or working circuit, and an automatic regulator for adjusting the current in the main or working circuit to any change of working resistance.

6. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, of two or more sets of commutatorbrushes bearing on the same commutator-cylinder, each set supplying a separate or independent circuit, and independent means for automatically adjusting said brushes.

7. The combination, with the samecommutater-cylinder for a dynamoelectric machine, of two or more sets of independently-adjustable comnmtator-brushes, each set supplying an independent circuit.

8. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, of two or more working-circuits, each connected with an independent set of commutator-brushes bearing on the same commutator-cylinder, and means for automatically shifting a set of brushes in accordance with changes in the working resistance with which such set is connected.

9. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, ol'several sets ofcommutatoubrushes bearing on the same commutator-cylinder, and means for automatically adjusting said sets of brushes independently of one another, accord ing to changes in the resistance of their respective circuits.

10. The combination, with the commutator cylinder, of a set of commutator-brushes mounted on a ring encircling said cylinder, and supported on frictioirwheels, as and for the purpose described.

11. Thecombination, with the ordinarycommutator-brush, of auxiliary sets of brushes mounted on independent ring or wheel supports encircling the commutator"cylinder, as and for the purpose described.

12. The combination, with a dynamo-elec tric machine, of two or more sets of auxiliary commutator-biaishes independently adjustable, each set supplying a separate multipleare circuit, and a governing clectro-magnet for said adjustable brushes placed in a multiple-arc branch, substantially as and for the purpose described.

13. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, whose fieldanagnetism is maintained by a local circuit from the COIIlll'lllbZitOF- brushes, of two or more auxiliary sets of eommutator-brushes independently adjustable, each set supplying a multiple-arc circuit, and a governing electro-magnet for an auxiliary set of brushes placed in one of the multipleare branches.

14. The combination, with a dynamo-elec tric machine having its field-magnetism maintained by a local closed circuit from the commutator-brushes, of means for automatically adjusting said brushes controlled by the magnetism induced by the current in such local circuit, one or more exterior multiple-arc working-circuits, each connected to one set of a series of auxiliary adjustable commutator brushes, and means for automatically adj usting said auxiliary sets controlled by electromagnets in one of the several mu1tiple-arc branches for the respective working-circuits.

15. The combination, with the commutator for a dynamo-electric machine, of one or more auxiliary commutator-brush supports, E, con sisting of rings encircling, but out of contact with, the commutator-cylinder mounted on rollers F F F", and encircling the commutator-cylinder.

16. The combination, with the commutatorbrush, supports E, of the guide and supporting rollers F F F substantially as described.

17. The combination, with the adjusting or I regulating mechanism for a dynamo machine,

of an operating lever or handle moving over a scale graduated to candle-power of the electric lamps, whose current is governed by such regulating mechanism.

18. The combination, with the retractile spring for the regulator of a dynamo-machine, of an adjusting device, and a scale over Which such device moves, graduated to candle-power.

Signed at New York, in the county of New 20 York and State of New York, this 2d day of May, A. D. 1883.

WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN.

Witnesses:

THos. TOOMEY, ERNEST ABSHAGEN; 

